Practice Test

This quiz reviews some of the topics in this chapter. The answer choices are randomized, so the quiz will be different every time you take it. For each question, select the button next to the answer you believe is correct. When you are done, click "Submit My Answers for Grading" in order to see how well you did.

1.  

In your textbook, psychology is defined as:

the science of mind
the science of behavior processes and mind processes
the science of mind processes and cognitive processes
the science of behavior and cognitive processes.


2.  

John B. Watson argued that psychology should involve the study of actions that can be observed and measured, which was the foundation of _____.

behaviorism
functionalism
structuralism
humanism


3.  

The question of "stability versus change" involves the extent to which:

psychology's experimental findings remain stable or change over time
characteristics and behavior of individuals remain stable or change over time
behavior in experiments remains stable over a long period of time or changes over this period
IQ measures stay the same or change over time


4.  

Ralph drives a drag racer on the weekends and is always very excited every time he finishes his runs down the strip. The _____ would explain his behavior by pointing out humans' inherited desire for excitement.

cognitive perspective
behavioral perspective
psychodynamic perspective
biological perspective


5.  

The greatest number of psychologists are in the subfields of:

clinical and counseling psychology
developmental and educational psychology
cognitive and industrial/organizational psychology
social and industrial/organizational psychology


6.  

The branch of psychology that suggests that humans possess a large number of psychological mechanisms that help us deal with issues related to survival is called:

structuralist psychology
functionalist psychology
evolutionary psychology
behaviorist psychology


7.  

The four essential components of the scientific method are:

intuition, objectivity, accuracy, open-mindedness
accuracy, creativity, internal validity, objectivity
objectivity, training, skepticism, external validity
accuracy, objectivity, skepticism, open-mindedness


8.  

Being skeptical, keeping an open mind, and not jumping to conclusions are characteristics of:

a negative approach to life
dispositional attribute
critical thinking
analytical thinking


9.  

In the survey method, trying to get a large enough group of people that is representative of the larger population is a problem of:

correlation
definition
accessibility
sampling


10.  

If the number of storks (birds) in an area is fairly high, the number of human births nine months later will be fairly high. Therefore, storks cause babies. This example points out the difficulty with:

experimentation
case method
correlation
ornithology


11.  

Relationship is to cause-and-effect as:

case study is to natural observation
naturalistic observation is to case study
correlation is to experiment
experiment is to correlation


12.  

Lisa is getting ready to conduct an experiment and, for convenience, has decided to put all students from an 8:30 A.M. class in the experimental group and all students from the 2:30 P.M. class in the control group. Lisa has just violated the condition of:

random assignment of participants
equality of variables
cause-and-effect
replication of comparable conditions


13.  

Which of the following is an important reason for using animals as research subjects in psychology?

There are no ethical rules that limit what research can be performed with animals.
All important human psychological abilities can be found in animals.
Some kinds of research are allowed with animals but not with humans.
Nothing: There are no important, ethically justified reasons for using animals in research.


14.  

The reason that you should begin studying with an overview of the material to be studied is that memory research indicates that it is easier to retain information if it is placed in a(n):

ordered list
cognitive framework
conative association
rehearsal format


15.  

The intellectual foundations of psychology came from the fields of:

biology and chemistry
philosophy and physiology
religion and biology
science and art


16.  

The "founder of experimental psychology" is usually considered to be:

G. Stanley Hall
B. F. Skinner
Wilhelm Wundt
John B. Watson


17.  

A perspective that recognizes the importance of cultural and ethnic diversity is known as a(n):

idiosyncratic perspective
social perspective
multicultural perspective
biological perspective


18.  

Frameworks used by scientists to explain various events or processes are known as:

theories
speculations
hypotheses
meta-analyses


19.  

The tendency to notice and remember information that supports our already held views is known as:

confirmation bias
availability bias
representative bias
hindsight bias


20.  

Carefully observing behavior as it occurs is known as:

correlation
systematic observation
causal observation
voyeurism


21.  

In an experiment, the variable that is measured is called the:

control variable
confounding variable
independent variable
dependent variable


22.  

In an experiment to investigate the effect of magnets on joint pain, wearing or not wearing magnets would be considered the:

dependent variable
independent variable
confound variable
control variable


23.  

Unintended effects by experimenters that produce changes in participants' behavior are known as:

participant effects
meta-analytic procedures
double-blind procedures
experimenter effects


24.  

When deception is used in an experiment, most psychologists agree that two basic principles must be followed. These principles are:

manipulation and control
informed consent and debriefing
manipulation and measurement
internal validity and external validity

   

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