In your textbook, psychology is defined as:
the science of mind
the science of behavior processes and mind processes
the science of mind processes and cognitive processes
the science of behavior and cognitive processes.
John B. Watson argued that psychology should involve the study of actions that can be observed and measured, which was the foundation of _____.
behaviorism
functionalism
structuralism
humanism
The question of "stability versus change" involves the extent to which:
psychology's experimental findings remain stable or change over time
characteristics and behavior of individuals remain stable or change over time
behavior in experiments remains stable over a long period of time or changes over this period
IQ measures stay the same or change over time
Ralph drives a drag racer on the weekends and is always very excited every time he finishes his runs down the strip. The _____ would explain his behavior by pointing out humans' inherited desire for excitement.
cognitive perspective
behavioral perspective
psychodynamic perspective
biological perspective
The greatest number of psychologists are in the subfields of:
clinical and counseling psychology
developmental and educational psychology
cognitive and industrial/organizational psychology
social and industrial/organizational psychology
The branch of psychology that suggests that humans possess a large number of psychological mechanisms that help us deal with issues related to survival is called:
structuralist psychology
functionalist psychology
evolutionary psychology
behaviorist psychology
The four essential components of the scientific method are:
intuition, objectivity, accuracy, open-mindedness
accuracy, creativity, internal validity, objectivity
objectivity, training, skepticism, external validity
accuracy, objectivity, skepticism, open-mindedness
Being skeptical, keeping an open mind, and not jumping to conclusions are characteristics of:
a negative approach to life
dispositional attribute
critical thinking
analytical thinking
In the survey method, trying to get a large enough group of people that is representative of the larger population is a problem of:
correlation
definition
accessibility
sampling
If the number of storks (birds) in an area is fairly high, the number of human births nine months later will be fairly high. Therefore, storks cause babies. This example points out the difficulty with:
experimentation
case method
correlation
ornithology
Relationship is to cause-and-effect as:
case study is to natural observation
naturalistic observation is to case study
correlation is to experiment
experiment is to correlation
Lisa is getting ready to conduct an experiment and, for convenience, has decided to put all students from an 8:30 A.M. class in the experimental group and all students from the 2:30 P.M. class in the control group. Lisa has just violated the condition of:
random assignment of participants
equality of variables
cause-and-effect
replication of comparable conditions
Which of the following is an important reason for using animals as research subjects in psychology?
There are no ethical rules that limit what research can be performed with animals.
All important human psychological abilities can be found in animals.
Some kinds of research are allowed with animals but not with humans.
Nothing: There are no important, ethically justified reasons for using animals in research.
The reason that you should begin studying with an overview of the material to be studied is that memory research indicates that it is easier to retain information if it is placed in a(n):
ordered list
cognitive framework
conative association
rehearsal format
The intellectual foundations of psychology came from the fields of:
biology and chemistry
philosophy and physiology
religion and biology
science and art
The "founder of experimental psychology" is usually considered to be:
G. Stanley Hall
B. F. Skinner
Wilhelm Wundt
John B. Watson
A perspective that recognizes the importance of cultural and ethnic diversity is known as a(n):
idiosyncratic perspective
social perspective
multicultural perspective
biological perspective
Frameworks used by scientists to explain various events or processes are known as:
theories
speculations
hypotheses
meta-analyses
The tendency to notice and remember information that supports our already held views is known as:
confirmation bias
availability bias
representative bias
hindsight bias
Carefully observing behavior as it occurs is known as:
correlation
systematic observation
causal observation
voyeurism
In an experiment, the variable that is measured is called the:
control variable
confounding variable
independent variable
dependent variable
In an experiment to investigate the effect of magnets on joint pain, wearing or not wearing magnets would be considered the:
dependent variable
independent variable
confound variable
control variable
Unintended effects by experimenters that produce changes in participants' behavior are known as:
participant effects
meta-analytic procedures
double-blind procedures
experimenter effects
When deception is used in an experiment, most psychologists agree that two basic principles must be followed. These principles are:
manipulation and control
informed consent and debriefing
manipulation and measurement
internal validity and external validity